Building stateless resolver with best practices (#87)

Understanding the Problem

When building modern web applications, performance is not just a feature — it's a requirement. Users expect sub-second response times, and search engines penalize slow pages. This post explores practical techniques for optimization.

Key Metrics

  1. Time to First Byte (TTFB)
  2. Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)
  3. Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)

"Premature optimization is the root of all evil" — Donald Knuth

However, measured optimization based on profiling data is the root of all performance gains. Let's look at real-world examples.

Database Optimization

-- Before: full table scan
SELECT * FROM posts WHERE status = 'published' ORDER BY created_at DESC;

-- After: indexed query with pagination
SELECT id, title, summary FROM posts
WHERE status = 'published'
ORDER BY created_at DESC
LIMIT 20 OFFSET 0;

The difference? From 850ms to 12ms on a table with 500K rows.

Caching Strategy

Use a multi-layer cache:

  • L1: In-memory (APCu) — microsecond access
  • L2: Redis — millisecond access
  • L3: Database — last resort

Each layer has different TTLs and invalidation strategies.

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