container and reactive systems: lessons learned (#405)

10. april 2026. 05:06:57 Bob Johnson

Concurrency Patterns in PHP

PHP's traditional request-per-process model is simple but limiting. Modern PHP offers several concurrency approaches.

Fork-Based Parallelism

Using pcntl_fork(), a parent process creates child processes that inherit its full state via OS copy-on-write:

$futures = [];
foreach ($chunks as $chunk) {
    $futures[] = run(function () use ($chunk) {
        return processChunk($chunk);
    });
}

$results = array_map(fn ($f) => $f->value(), $futures);

Advantages: Full state inheritance, true parallelism, no serialization overhead for captured variables.

Challenges: Connection management (database, Redis, HTTP clients must be reset in child processes), memory overhead per process.

Async I/O

For I/O-bound workloads, async libraries like ReactPHP or AMPHP multiplex operations on a single thread:

$promises = [];
foreach ($urls as $url) {
    $promises[] = $httpClient->request('GET', $url);
}
$responses = await(all($promises));

Advantages: Low memory footprint, excellent for HTTP calls and database queries.

Challenges: Callback complexity, limited CPU parallelism, ecosystem compatibility.

Choosing the Right Model

| Workload | Best Approach | |----------|--------------| | CPU-bound computation | Fork (pcntl) | | Many HTTP API calls | Async I/O | | Mixed CPU + I/O | Fork with async per child | | Real-time streaming | Event loop (ReactPHP) |

architecture concurrency labore

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Ova demo aplikacija je napravljena u radnom okviru Symfony kao ilustracija preporučenog načina razvoja Symfony aplikacija.

Za više informacija pogledajte Symfony dokumentaciju.

Kliknite na dugme ispod da biste videli izvorni kod kontrolera i šablona korišćenih za prikaz ove stranice.

src/Controller/BlogController.php at line 272

/**
 * NOTE: when the controller argument is a Doctrine entity, Symfony makes an
 * automatic database query to fetch it based on the value of the route parameters.
 * The '{slug:post}' configuration tells Symfony to use the 'slug' route
 * parameter in the database query that fetches the entity of the $post argument.
 * This is mostly useful when the route has multiple parameters and the controller
 * also has multiple arguments.
 * See https://symfony.com/doc/current/doctrine.html#automatically-fetching-objects-entityvalueresolver.
 */
#[Route('/posts/{slug:post}', name: 'blog_post', requirements: ['slug' => Requirement::ASCII_SLUG], methods: ['GET'])]
public function postShow(Post $post): Response
{
    // Symfony's 'dump()' function is an improved version of PHP's 'var_dump()' but
    // it's not available in the 'prod' environment to prevent leaking sensitive information.
    // It can be used both in PHP files and Twig templates, but it requires to
    // have enabled the DebugBundle. Uncomment the following line to see it in action:
    //
    // dump($post, $this->getUser(), new \DateTime());
    //
    // The result will be displayed either in the Symfony Profiler or in the stream output.
    // See https://symfony.com/doc/current/profiler.html
    // See https://symfony.com/doc/current/templates.html#the-dump-twig-utilities
    //
    // You can also leverage Symfony's 'dd()' function that dumps and
    // stops the execution

    return $this->render('blog/post_show.html.twig', ['post' => $post]);
}

templates/blog/post_show.html.twig at line 1

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